In federal court, when a jury is not present, what is the judge considered to be the trier of?

In federal court, when a jury is not present, the judge serves as the trier of facts. This means that the judge takes on the role of determining the factual disputes presented in a case. The judge evaluates the evidence, assesses witness credibility, and makes findings based on the facts as presented.

The term "trier of facts" specifically refers to the individual or body responsible for deciding what facts are true in a legal matter. In a jury trial, this role is fulfilled by the jury, while in a bench trial (where no jury is present), it is assumed by the judge. Thus, the correct answer accurately reflects the judge's function in the absence of a jury, focusing specifically on resolving factual issues rather than legal interpretations or other considerations, which fall outside the realm of "facts."